Did you know that there are seven species of Sea Turtles in the world, and five species inhabit Florida's waters during some of the year? Florida's nesting sea turtles include the Loggerhaead (most common), and Leatherback (least common). During the summer months, there are approximately 50,000 sea turtles in Florida. This makes it the most important nesting area in the United States. Other species of sea turtles that frequent Florida waters but generally do not nest here include the Hawksbill, Green and the Kemp's Ridley.
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Click Here To View A Sea Turtle Identification Chart
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In Florida, sea turtles come ashore to nest beginning in May and hatching continues until late October. A female can lay several nests during one season and only nests every two or three years. The hard process of nesting takes hours. A turtle must drag her massive weight out of the water to the dunes. She uses her back flippers to dig a hole and deposits about one hundred rubbery eggs, each the size of a ping-pong ball. The turtle disguises the nest by flinging sand over it. Once she leaves the nest, she never returns.
After incubating for two months, the hatchlings break out of their shells and thrash about together causing the walls of the nest to collapse and the bottom of the hole to rise. Once near the surface, the hatchlings wait until the sand temperature cools to emerge. Therefore most emerge after dark. Once out of the nest, the turtles scramble to the water and swim offshore where they will live for several years in seaweed beds drifting along the Gulf Stream. As the turtles grow older they move into coastal waters.
Let's take a closer look now at the five species of sea turtles that can be found along Florida's beaches:
Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas)

The Green Sea Turtle is found throughout the world's tropical oceans. The Atlantic Green Sea Turtle has important nesting and foraging grounds on the Atlantic coasts of Costa Rica and throughout the Caribbean. The southern coasts of Florida have only recently become an important nesting ground for Green Sea Turtles. Additional rookeries can also be found in Australia and parts of Southeast Asia. Florida's east and west coasts also serve as important developmental habitats for juvenile Green Sea Turtles. In these waters, Green Sea Turtles can regularly be seen darting in and out of seagrass beds. The Pacific Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas agassizi) ranges on the Pacific Coast of the Americas from southern California to Chile. Important nesting areas for this sub-species can be found in Mexico and Costa Rica.
- The Green Sea Turtle is the largest of the hard-shelled turtles, with an average size of 300 to 500 lbs.
- The head of the Green Sea Turtle is small compared to its body size and its jaws have a characteristic serration.
- The Green Sea Turtle uses its serrated jaw to forage on seagrasses and algae.
- Foraging Green Sea Turtles are important to the health of seagrass beds, which are developmental habitats for large numbers of fish species.
- The Green Sea Turtle gets its name from the green coloration of its muscle, which is eaten by people throughout its range.
- To early European explorers, Green Sea Turtles were important sources of protein because the turtles were easy to catch and could be kept alive with little care during long voyages.
- The Pacific Green Sea Turtles or Black turtles are genetically similar to the Atlantic Green Sea Turtle; however, their coloration is darker and they are smaller than the Atlantic Green Sea Turtle.
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View A Photo Of A Green Sea Turtle Swimming
View A Photo Of A Green Sea Turtle Close-Up
View A Photo Of A Green Sea Turtle Release
View A Photo Of A Juvenile In The Gulf Of Mexico
View A Photo Of The Result Of Getting Entangled In Fishing Line
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Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta)

The Loggerhead Sea Turtle is found in every ocean throughout the world. They are typically subtropical in nature, nesting farther from the equator than any other species. The Atlantic Loggerhead is found in great numbers feeding along the inshore and coastal water of the Gulf of Mexico, the Florida Keys and along the eastern seaboard as far north as New England. The Atlantic Loggerhead is also found in open water of the Mediterranean, along the west coast of Africa, in the Caribbean and along the coasts of Central and South America. Nesting by the Atlantic Loggerhead is highest on beaches of the southeastern United States, with close to 90% of that nesting occurring in Florida. Important nesting of the Loggerhead also occurs in the Mediterranean countries of Greece, Turkey, and Israel.
- The Loggerhead is a large reddish-brown turtle, reaching the size of 200 to 300 lbs. Male Loggerheads, as with all species of sea turtle, have a tail that extends nearly a foot past their shell.
- The Loggerhead is distinguished from other species of sea turtle by having a teardrop-shaped shell or "carapace".
- The name Loggerhead is derived from the turtle's large head and jaws, which it uses to crush its favorite food items: crabs, clams and conchs.
- The Loggerhead is the only species of turtle to nest exclusively at night.
- The primary threats to the Loggerhead are loss of nesting habitat to beachfront development and associated artificial lighting, shrimping, long line fisheries, entanglements, pollution, and being hit by boats.
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View A Photo Of A Loggerhead On The Beach
View A Photo Of A Loggerhead Swimming
View A Photo Of A Loggerhead Being Treated
View A Photo Of An Adult In The Gulf Of Mexico
View A Photo Of Loggerhead Being Released
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Hawksbill Sea Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)

The Hawksbill Sea Turtle is found in the tropical waters of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Nesting occurs on small islands adjacent to feeding grounds, which are typically associated with coral reefs.
- Hawksbills are small sea turtles, ranging in size from 100 to 120 lbs.
- Hawksbills are unlike other species of sea turtle in that they generally do not travel great distances between feeding and nesting areas.
- Hawksbills get their name from their bird-like jaw, which they use to probe the crevices of coral reefs in search of their favorite food, sponges.
- Hawksbills are endangered because their scutes are a primary source of tortoise shell material, used in the manufacture of jewelry and other ornamental items.
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View A Photo Of A Hawksbill Swimming
View A Photo Of A Hawksbill Surfacing For Air
View A Photo Of A Hawksbill Looking For Food
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Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle (Lepidochelys kempi)

The Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle is primarily confined to the Gulf of Mexico and the eastern seaboard of the United States as far north as New England. Adult Kemp's Ridleys can be found in the Gulf of Mexico feeding on the productive coastal waters from Texas to Florida. Juvenile Kemp's Ridleys can also be found in these productive waters; however, many travel north along the eastern seaboard of the United States. The primary nesting ground for the Kemp's Ridley is located at Rancho Nuevo, on Mexico's east coast.
- The Kemp's Ridley is the smallest of all the sea turtles ranging in size from 80 to 120 lbs.
- Kemp's Ridley sea turtles are fast-swimming turtles that feed primarily on crabs.
- The carapace of a Kemp's Ridley is distinguished from other species of sea turtle by its circular shape.
- Kemp's Ridley and Olive Ridley sea turtles are the only two species of sea turtle to nest in large groups all at once. This type of mass nesting is referred to as an "arribada". In the Kemp's Ridley, these arribadas are no longer observed due to severe reduction in this species' population size.
- Kemp's Ridleys are the only species of sea turtle to nest exclusively during the daytime.
- Kemp's Ridleys are the most endangered species of sea turtle. Because of their daytime mass nesting, populations of Kemp's Ridley females and the eggs were nearly wiped out by poachers in only a few decades.
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View A Photo Of A Kemp's Ridley Swimming
View A Photo Of A Kemp's Ridley With I.D. Tag
View A Photo Of A Kemp's Ridley Close-Up
View A Photo Of A Kemp's Ridley Swimming
View A Photo Of The Result Of A Boat Hit
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Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)

The Leatherback Sea Turtle is found throughout the world in all oceans. Leatherbacks are found in open waters as far north as Alaska. Leatherback nesting occurs primarily in tropical locations such as New Guinea, Indonesia, Central America, Costa Rica, French Guiana and the southern Pacific coast of Mexico.
- The Leatherback is the largest species of sea turtle, with an average weight of 1300 lbs.
- The name Leatherback is derived from the turtle's leathery shell. Leatherbacks do not have a hard shell and are classified separately from other sea turtle species.
- In addition to being soft, the shell of the Leatherback has 7 longitudinal ridges. These enable the turtle's adaptations to deep diving and constant swimming.
- Leatherbacks are able to tolerate colder temperatures than other species by using their large size to generate heat.
- Leatherbacks deposit more clutches per individual than other species of sea turtle, depositing between 50 and 120 eggs per clutch. A large number of these eggs are infertile eggs. It is not known why female Leatherbacks lay these infertile eggs.
- Leatherbacks are critically endangered, especially in the Pacific Ocean where the long line fisheries for swordfish and tuna entangle and kill thousands of migrating Leatherbacks each year.
- The combination of long line fisheries and poor conservation techniques has led to the near extinction of Leatherbacks in the Pacific.
- Leatherback nesting is on the increase in Florida with an average of 50 nests laid on Florida's east coast each year.
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View A Photo Of A Leatherback Sea Turtle
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Centuries ago, sea turtles roamed our oceans by the millions. In the last 100 years their numbers been greatly reduced. All seven species of sea turtles are in danger of extinction. Demand for sea turtle meat, eggs, and other by-products, as well as a loss of habitat, commercial fishing, and pollution have contributed to their decline.
The main danger for hatchlings is from artificial lighting. When the babies emerge, they instinctively move in the brightest direction. Normally, this would be the open night sky reflected by the ocean. On a developed beach, artificial lights attract the hatchlings, causing them to crawl in the wrong direction. Other dangers include obstructions on the beach, such as beach chairs, holes, or tire tracks, all of which can block their path to the sea.
If you are visiting, or live near the beach, you can help by keeping outside lights off during turtle season from May through October. Make sure to remove chairs, umbrellas and other gear from the beach each night. Level all sand castles and fill any holes dug during play. Please pick up all trash. Sea turtles mistakenly eat debris, especially plastic, which results in death. Never buy products made from sea turtles or any other endangered species
If you encounter a nesting sea turtle on the beach stay clear. Do not shine lights or take flash photographs. When frightened the nesting turtle will return to the water where she will drop her eggs. If you see an injured, nesting or dead sea turtle, and are in the Tampa, Florida area, call 727-441-1790, ext. 234, or call your local authorities.